College of Arts and Sciences

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A gynetic analysis of the poems of seven American poets
(2007-04) Buen, Dianna Charrise Q
Through the gynetic analysis of the seven poems, the researcher was able to specify the master narrative and through it, brought out the gynetic space for women's new roles. These new roles are either obvious within the poem, invented or imagined by the researcher. Roles of women are represented differently in each of the poems. And the re-birth of women in the poems are evident enough to call for change. Themes in the poems focused on power roles and responsibilities of women. The single most vital topic is that class, race, gender, and sexuality are historically precise and socially erected hierarchies of domination— they are power relationships. It does not merely represent different lifestyle preferences or cultural convictions, standards and practices but also supreme hierarchies in which one assembly wields over to command another, securing its locations of supremacy in structure, and in which significant material and non material resources- such as affluence, profits, or admission to health care and education-are at stake. Thus, race, class, gender and sexuality are primary bases of social clash among groups. From the analysis of the poems, the significant findings were: 1. Women were depicted in the master narratives as dirty and impure, terrible, a caged wife, a domesticated being, someone who does not have the right to thrive in the male's society's hierarchy of employment, frail and weak, and a battered wife. 2. The gynetic space of the woman in each of the poem is as follows: a. establisher of the unconventional norms in society b. awareness of her capacity of power c. decision maker of the home d. ability to be a guardian of tradition e. mold-breaker of tradition f. right to give counsel g. capability to be independent, strong and powerful 3. The re-claimed birth right of the woman in each poem is the following: a. positive celebration of womanhood through menstruation b. the feminine mystique c. equal of the husband d. ability to be a guardian of tradition e. right to knowledge and education f. to have the seat of wisdom e. freedom to choose without the pressures and demands of a man beside her In the light of the findings of the study, the following are the conclusions: 1. The stereotypical roles of women are guided and guarded in history within the patriarchal context. These are evident in the poems that have been studied for gynetic analysis. 2. Women have different positive views for their new roles in each of the poems. They also have different concepts of their new roles according to their culture. 3. The re-claimed birth right of each woman is founded in the context of the self, home, marriage, culture and society. It is recommended by the researcher to apply Gynesis to: 1. The works of Philippine Feminist poets like Marjorie Evasco, Lilia Quindoza Santiago, Ruth Elynia Mabanglo and Rebecca Anonuevo. 2. The works of Filipino male poets like Ricardo de Ungria, Alfred Yuson and Francis Macansantos. 3. The analysis of Philippine fiction novels like Jessica Hagedorn's "Dream Jungle" and Ninotchka Rosca's "State of War." 4. Develop teaching strategies for the thesis, and detailed student centered lesson plans with language focus from feminist context. 5. Develop strategies in integrating Gynetic analysis in poetry subjects through updating lectures on feminist theories.
Academic stress and cognitive-emotion regulation of adolescents
(2024-03) Lopez, Roxane Bantigue
The study aimed to determine the academic stress and the cognitive-emotion regulation strategies used by the adolescent learners in District 3 public and private high schools enrolled during SY: 2023-2024. Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following: 1. What is the level of academic stress experienced by adolescent learners in terms of the following dimensions: a. pressure from studies; b. workload; c. worries about grades; d. self-expectations; and e. despondency. 2. What are the most frequent cognitive-emotion regulation strategies used by adolescent learners in terms of the following dimensions: a. rumination; b. self-blame; c. catastrophizing; d. blaming others; e. acceptance; f. positive refocusing; g. positive reappraisal; h. putting emotions into perspective; and 1. refocusing on planning. 2. What is the relationship between academic stress and cognitive-emotion regulation strategies used by adolescent learners? Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between academic stress and cognitive-emotion regulation strategies used by adolescent learners. The researcher administered a questionnaire to 361 participants through self-administered printed questionnaires to grade 9 and grade 10 learners. The data collected were carefully tallied and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Weighted mean and Pearson-r Correlation were utilized to treat the collected data.
Active learning in the physical education classes of tertiary schools in Baguio City and La Trinidad, Benguet
(2001-03) Panayon, Vilma L.
Physical education activities were not only programmed for those who are inclined to sports but also the young and old, male and female. Executive order No. 44 section 19(1), Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution states that "the state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions and amateur sports including training for international competition, to foster self-discipline, teamwork and excellence for the development of a healthy citizenry. To improve the teaching and learning process, of physical education classes, a particular goal, plan ground rules and time management should be followed so that one does not find himself unable to maximize time, hence, able to accomplish activities set for the day. Since active learning in physical education lies on the capability of the teacher, a factor that affects active learning, there is a need to motivate learners to actively perform. A synthesis on what they learn shall serve to motivate the enhancement of their psychomotor skills, thus maintaining a more relaxed body. It is also one way to help them become more skillful than mere speculators, help them finish the subject and have a sense of fulfillment. Active learning in this study does not connote hundred percent mastery of activities. In the field of physical education, it is not the number of skills executed that matters most particularly how skills are properly executed. Teachers need to value achievement, expect students to learn and try as hard as he or she can arrange things needed in the physical education classes. These learning motivators are translated into high proportion of appropriate learning time for all the students. Finally, active learning in this study does not only mean eagerness and liveliness of students in performing an activity, but their cooperation in the classroom activities. It maybe noted that it is not only how they respond lively to a particular lesson but their contribution and participation in the realization of learning are those that count most. The main aim of this study was to find out the extent of active learning in the physical education classes in Baguio City and La Trinidad, Benguet. It answered the following research problems: 1. What is the extent of active learning in the physical education classes (P.E. 1,2,3,4) of the tertiary schools in Baguio City and La Trinidad Benguet? 2. To what extent do identified factors contribute to the extent of active learning in the physical education classes? 3. What are the problems and degree of seriousness of these problems encountered by the students and faculty members in physical education classes? The descriptive-evaluative research method was used to measure the extent of active learning in the physical education classes. Extent of active learning in the physical education classes were computed using frequency and percentages and average weighted mean. The data gathering was in the form of observation. Likewise, interviews were conducted to determine student participation and validate those items in the observation This thesis presents the extent of active learning in the physical education classes, factors that contribute to the extent of active learning and the problems and degrees of seriousness encountered by students and faculty members in physical education classes. The following were the major findings: 1. Active learning in the physical education classes was rated often. 2. The identified factors always contribute to the extent of active learning in the physical education classes. These factors include the teacher, motivators, teaching approaches, and student participation. 3. Finally, the problems and degree of seriousness of these problems encountered by the students and faculty members were rated not serious. It is concluded that : 1. There is active learning in the physical education Classes in the tertiary schools of Baguio City and La Trinidad, Benguet. 2. There are identified factors that contribute to the extent of active learning. 3. Problems encountered by the students and faculty members in the learning and teaching process are not serious. The researcher recommends the following : 1. Active learning or student participation in the physical education classes should be given more emphasis because it is through this that students can explore knowledge by understanding how these concepts can be put into reality. 2. These identified factors should not be ignored by those in the teaching field, as well as students for these help in the development of being an effective learner and facilitator. 3. Teachers should be more enthusiastic in the teaching process to arouse student participation. 4. Teachers should relate the activities on academic orientation. 5. School administrators should provide sufficient equipment and facilities inasmuch as these have effects on student participation. 6. Educators should look into the educational contributions of the activities for the students to realize their significance and intensify them by encouragement as well as provide them enough information that they need to know. 7. Educators should set goals and plan ahead of time in order to maximize time and look into possibilities that classroom activities get done in less time. 8. Faculty members should encourage cooperative learning among students. 9. A teacher in physical education classes should be a major or a minor in this field. 10. A replication of the study to be made to include other fields of specialization.
An Analysis of teacher talk of Baguio Colleges Foundation High School teachers in three subject areas
(2004-01) Duong, Huu Khiem
The role of the teacher in the class cannot be ignored. He has to use communication strategies to ensure comprehension of his subject matter. Also, the teachers can challenge the minds of the learners by asking thought provoking questions. On the other hand, students need to evaluate teachers along their teaching techniques and personal characteristics. This study will improve the communication of teachers with their students. This study was conducted to identify and analyze teacher-talk of Baguio Colleges Foundation High School teachers in three subject areas with the following objectives: 1. To identify the communication strategies used by the Mathematics, Science and English teachers; 2. To find out the types of questions teachers asked in the classroom; and 3. To analyze how the students evaluate their teachers along: a. Teachers' voice; b. Teaching techniques; and c. Personal characteristics. This is a descriptive study which analyzed tape-recorded classroom lectures of three subject teachers in the fourth year of Baguio Colleges Foundation High School: one teacher of English, one teacher of Mathematics, and one teacher of Science during the school year 2003-2004. Their fourth year students were the student-respondents. Analysis of data was confined to the model of Mitchell (1988b) on teachers' communication strategies; the model of Smith (1980) on the types of questions used by the teachers and a questionnaire to gather information on teacher talk. Data on the audio-taped proceedings and students' perceptions on the teacher-talk were treated statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, percentage, ranking, test on proportion, Friedman and Chi-square. The salient findings of the study are hereby presented: 1. As a whole, repetition, explanation and exemplification were the most commonly used strategies. Substitution, contrast, clue-giving and language switching were the least used strategies by the teachers. 2. In general, memory, analysis, evaluation and interpretation were the commonly used types of questions while application; translation and synthesis were the least used questions. 3.a Findings on teachers' voice, revealed that the following were rated statistically significant: teachers' rate of speech (satisfactory), teachers' articulation (clear), the volume of teachers' voice (very audible), the quality of teachers' voice (pleasant) and the teachers' speech (very good). 3.b With regard to teaching techniques, results showed that teachers' motivation of the class (sometimes), the review of the previous lesson (always), teachers' explanation of the new lesson (satisfactory), the use of illustrations and visual aids (sometimes), the teachers' orderliness of blackboard presentation (orderly), the general mood of the class (serious), the teachers' class discipline (sometimes appropriately strict), the teacher preparedness (very prepared), the teachers' variation of techniques (sometimes), adequate explanation of assignment (adequate) promptness in returning and grading assignment (very promptly), encouragement in class participation (always), the ability to create classroom environment conducive to the learning (sometimes), and the effectiveness of teachers' techniques (effective) were all rated statistically significant except the teachers' mastery of subject matter. 3.c Findings on personal characteristics of the teacher-respondents revealed that the following were rated statistically significant: sense of humor (sometimes), show of favoritism (never), teachers are approachable (sometimes), always well-poised (always), punctuality (always), lively and enthusiastic (always), tolerance or understanding (sometimes), praise and encourage (always), personal interest in students (sometimes), and teachers really like teaching (definitely). On the other hand, personal characteristics that were not statistically significant: teachers are well-groomed (very well-groomed), patient and sympathetic (sometimes), teachers' resourcefulness (sometimes) and teachers' recognition of individual differences (sometimes). Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The teachers employ different communication strategies to render their input comprehensible to the learners. 2. The teachers vary their questions to develop critical thinking among the students. 3. The teachers use the phonological modifications and varied teaching techniques and teacher characteristics to bring to fore pedagogical implications for better teaching learning process. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study the following recommendations are forwarded. 1. Subject teachers are encouraged to language switch to make their students understand difficult concepts. It is recommended that teachers must explore other communication strategies. 2. Teachers need to provide more opportunities for students by asking questions that develop critical thinking and explore other effective types of questions like application, translation and synthesis. 3.a It is recommended that teachers pay more attention to rate of speech, articulation, and qualities of the voice to improve their communication strategies. 3.b It is suggested that High School teachers take courses in phonology for teachers in the graduate school to improve their communication skills. 3.c Perceived by students to be improved for High School teachers to be able to convey their lessons are explanation of lessons, use of visual aids, black board presentation, variation of techniques, effectiveness of techniques and class discipline, these teachers maybe encouraged to enroll in a method of teaching course in the graduate school to enhance their knowledge and skills in teaching their areas of specialization. 3.d On personal characteristics, the teachers have to improve on the following: patience and sympathy towards their students, sense of humor, approachable to students, resourcefulness, tolerance, recognition of individual differences and taking personal interest in their students. 4. It is suggested that a seminar-workshop be conducted for High School teachers on the following: the art of questioning, teaching techniques, and speech improvement to facilitate a better teaching-learning process. 5. It is recommended that the administrators should come up with a faculty development program to identify the professional needs of their faculty and to identify which of the faculty be sent for scholarship/training. 6. Further researches may be conducted along communication strategies and types of questions asked by the teachers in the elementary schools, questions asked by teachers and students/pupils to their teachers to negotiate meaning.
An assessment on the coaching skills and strategies in volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio
(2003-05) Oppod, Walter B.
There is a very close relationship between teaching, coaching, and learning. A coach's position is to understand the process involved in these areas and to elicit high levels of skill and game performance from players, Principles of teaching and learning must be applied if players' time and talents are to be effectively utilized. Coaches are responsible for players' learning and performance; therefore, they must establish good teaching/learning situations and make careful plans for their "lessons." Players must have practice time to refine their skills and must receive feedback on their performances. The proof of the effectiveness of both players' and coaches' work is found in the contest. This is where all the hard work pays off. Jones ( 1988) explained further that being a good coach requires more than possessing a cap, a whistle, and a clipboard. It is not enough to have played well, though this is very helpful. It is not good enough to have a commanding physical presence, though this may be helpful too. Being a good coach requires skill, knowledge, the ability to organize, and the talents of a great teacher. Wells (1988) also discussed that coaches as teachers have to be knowledgeable about learning principles. Many veteran coaches have relied on the trial and error method, but could have been more effective sooner if they have known earlier what they know now. There is not one best method of teaching-methods. It should be based on what. As being taught, by whom, to whom, under what conditions, and for what purpose. Whatever the coach wants the players to learn it must be planned. Skill development, behavior modification, and cognitive development must be a part of the master plan, if they are to be used. Players' performances tell something about the effectiveness of teaching method; however, it should be remembered that learning and performance are not the same. Learning has taken place if actions are changed on a more or less permanent basis, but levels of performance may vary from game to game after a skill is learned. Coaches will need to consider many things in planning practices, but all the mechanical details considered will be useless unless basic understanding about practice and learning theory are also involved in the planning. They must know about suitable length and frequency of practice periods, about appropriate practice conditions, and about the appropriate condition of the players if their precious minutes or hours are to be most productive. Rivera (1991) also underscored the coach as a dedicated leader. He discussed that a coach should try to explore all means of doing his job better and to grow through the process of self-education. He must learn that the privilege of building better citizens through sports bring a personal satisfaction, far greater than the minor inconveniences he encounters while performing his most important job. Within this context, the researcher conducted a study on coaching skills and strategies in volleyball in Public Schools in the City of Baguio, to assess the basic coaching skills, strategies/techniques, facilities/equipment, and problems met in coaching. These factors might shed light in addressing issues and concerns in the field of coaching volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. The major purpose of this study was to assess the coaching skills and strategies in volleyball practiced by coaches in the public schools in the City of Baguio. Specifically, this investigation sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the frequency in the implementation of the coaching skills, strategies and methods? 1.1. How does the frequency in the implementation of the coaching skills, strategies and methods considering the variables of gender, age, number of years in coaching and school level differ? 2. What is the level of adequacy of the facilities and equipment? 2.1. How does the level of adequacy of the facilities and equipment as perceived by the respondents considering the variables of gender, age, number of years in coaching and school level differ? 3. What are the degrees of seriousness of the problems encountered by the coaches in coaching student in the field of volleyball? 3.1. How do the degrees of seriousness of the problems encountered by the coaches in the field of volleyball considering the variables of gender, age, number of years in coaching and school level differ? The researcher was guided by the following hypotheses: 1. The frequency of the implementation in the coaching skills, strategies, and methods in volleyball as practice by coaches are "sometimes" implemented. 1.1. There are significant differences on the frequency in the implementation of the coaching skills, strategies, and methods as practiced by coaches considering the variables of gender, age, number of years in coaching and school level . 2. The facilities and equipment in volleyball are "moderately" adequate. 2.1. There are significant differences on the level of adequacy of facilities and equipment in volleyball perceived by the respondents considering the variables of gender, age, number of years in coaching and school level. 3. The problems encountered by coaches in volleyball in the public schools are "quite" serious. 3.1. There are significant differences on the degrees of seriousness of the problems encountered by coaches in the field of volleyball considering the variables of gender, age, number of years in coaching and school level . This study employed the descriptive-evaluative method of research. The research tool in gathering the needed data ere the checklist questionnaire on the coaching skills and strategies in volleyball in terms of the basic skills in teaching, strategies, and method; facilities/equipment in teaching; and problems met in coaching. The descriptive statistical tools used in analyzing the data gathered were the frequency counts, percentage and ranking. The researcher made use of the averages or means to interpret the data gathered from the coaches' checklists. To test the null hypotheses, the "One-Way-Analysis of Variance" was utilized. The Frequency in the Implementation of the Skills, Strategies and Methods in Voile ball in Public Schools in Baguio City as Perceived by the Respondents The coaching skills, strategies, and methods are "often" implemented as perceived by the coach respondents in volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. The Frequency in the Implementation of the Skills, Strategies and Methods in Volleyball in Public Schools in Baguio City as Perceived by the Respondents According to Certain Variables The variables of gender, age, years in coaching, and school level did not affect the perceived frequency of coaching skills, strategies and methods in volleyball. The Level of adequacy of facilities/equipment in volleyball in the public schools in the city of Baguio as Perceived by the respondents according to certain variables The facilities and equipment are "moderately adequate" as perceived by the coach-respondents in volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. The Level of Adequacy of Facilities/Equipment in Volleyball in the Public Schools in the City of Baguio as Perceived by the Respondents According to Certain Variables The variables of gender, years in coaching, and school level did not affect the perceived level of adequacy of facilities and equipment in volleyball. While the variable of age affect the perceived level of adequacy of facilities and equipment in volleyball. The Degree of Seriousness of the Problems Encountered by Coaches in the Field of Volleyball in the Public Schools in Baguio City as Perceived by the Respondents The degree of the seriousness of the problems encountered by coaches are "quite serious" as perceived by the coach-respondents in volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. The Degree of Seriousness of the Problems Encountered by Coaches in the Field of Volleyball in the public Schools in Baguio city as Perceived by the Respondents According to Certain Variables The variables of gender, age, years in coaching and schoo2_ level did not affect the perceived degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by coaches in the field of volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. On the basis of important deductions drawn from this study and these findings, the following are the conclusions: 1. The coaching skills, strategies, and methods are "often" implemented as perceived by the coach-respondents in volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. Hence, it is expected that these coaches in the field of volleyball will somehow pay more attention to the application of coaching skills, strategies, and methods in volleyball. 2. The variables of gender, age, years in coaching, and school level did not affect the perceived frequency of coaching skills, strategies and methods in volleyball. These moderator variables do not influence coaching skills, strategies and methods in volleyball. 3. The facilities and equipment are "moderately adequate" as perceived by the coach-respondents in volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. Hence, facilities and equipment are not sufficient. 4. The variables of gender, years in coaching, and school level did not affect the perceived level of adequacy of facilities and equipment in volleyball, while the variable of age affects the perceived level of adequacy of facilities and equipment in volleyball. Age does influence the coaches' perception of the adequacy of facilities and equipment in volleyball. 5. The degree of the seriousness of the problems encountered by coaches are "quite serious" as perceived by the coach-respondents in volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. Thus, it is noted that coaches in volleyball encounter serious problems with regard to the facilities and equipment. 6. The variables of gender, age, years in coaching and school level did not affect the perceived degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by coaches in the field of volleyball in the public schools in the City of Baguio. These moderator variables do not influence the problems encountered by coaches. The following are recommended: 1. With regard to the facilities and equipment in volleyball, the playing area, instructional materials, equipment and supplies are considered "moderately adequate" by the respondents. According to Gumuwang (1989) sports development is a long process which requires complete facilities among other requirements. Moreover, French and Lesthen, (1983) stated that suitable facilities and equipment are essential. Therefore, administrators should consider providing sufficient facilities and equipment in volleyball. 2. Facilities and equipment have been identified as the top problem by the coach-respondents. It is believed that all other problems identified can be best solved by the financial support from Government and Private administrators; resourcefulness by means of converting basketball court to multipurpose court for volleyball and other sports; networking with PVF (Philippine Volleyball Federation) and other sports organizations; and linkages with the different colleges and universities. 3. It is further recommended that attendance to seminars and training workshops such as local, national, and international shall be given to volleyball coaches for the improvement of their coaching skills and strategies. 4. Other researchers may conduct a similar study on a regional or national level to further provide information that are necessary in improving the coaching skills and strategies in volleyball.
An evaluation of the honor system of the Philippine Military Academy
(2006-03) Lumibao, Antonio Pabillo
The profession of arms requires a high standard of values that is essential in the performance of their military duties. Foremost in these values is the concept of honor and integrity. In the Philippines, the formation of values starts at the training schools of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). In the forefront is the Philippine Military Academy (PMA), a school for leaders that gives emphasis on character development. Integrity is one of the three core values of PMA (the two others are Courage and Loyalty) as emphasized in its motto and the main system that supports it is the Honor System. Through the years, changes were observed in the implementation of the system. There was an increase in honor cases during the late nineties. Moreover, the mishandling of honor cases resulted to a backlog of cases for two years. As a result, dishonor was identified in 2002 by then Superintendent General Rufo A. de Veyra as one of the three-headed menaces that afflict the Academy. The researcher intended to find out whether the Honor System has outlived its usefulness and if not, find out what measures can be done to further strengthen the system. This qualitative research is an evaluation of the Honor System of the Philippine Military Academy. Specifically, it sought answers to the following: 1. What is the profile of the Honor System of the following Academies? a. Philippine Military Academy b. United States Military Academy (Westpoint) c. United States Naval Academy (Annapolis) d. United States Air Force Academy (Maryland) 2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the PMA Honor System along the following areas? a. Goals b. Ownership of the Honor System c. Reporting d. Investigating e. Adjudicating 3. What are the opportunities and threats of the PMA Honor System along the following areas? a. Goals b. Ownership of the Honor System c. Reporting d. Investigating e. Adjudicating 4. What Action Plan can be recommended to improve the Honor System of the Academy? To answer the questions mentioned above, unstructured interviews, document analysis, and the use of SWOT analysis were conducted. 1. Profile of US Academies. The results of the study showed that the problems that the Academy is encountering have been experienced and are still being experienced by the three major academies of the United States of America. The major profile of the Academies are the following: 1.a Compared to the United Staes major Academies, the Philippine Military Academy gives more leeway to the cadets in the administration of the honor code. 1.b The United States Military Academy does not solely choose from the honor committee members in the adjudication of honor cases. 1.c Thu United States Naval Academy is the only Academy that does not have a "non-toleration" clause in its honor code. 1.d The United States Air Force Academy relies heavily in the case method to indoctrinate their honor system to the cadets. 2. SW analysis. In the conduct of the SW analysis, the following were the findings: 2.a An atmosphere of trust that is felt within the community will reinforce to instill honor to the future officers. However, there is a need to address the problem of having different interpretations of the honor system. 2.b Cadets are trained to be honorable through the honor system. They however lack the investigative and adjudication skills. 2.c. Cadets need little supervision during examinations. However, there is still a need to properly indoctrinate them about the honor code. 2.d Cadets under investigation can readily answer charges and the investigation process is sound. The cadets though still need more formal training in investigative work. 2.e The ownership of the code is reinforced because cadets not only do the reporting and investigation but they are also the ones who will render the verdict. Again, they need to be trained in legal matters. 3. OT analysis. In the conduct of the OT analysis, the following were the findings: 3.a Cadets are seen to be more idealistic and the Academy can exploit this to have a positive perception of the honor system. The lack of positive role models affects how cadets view the honor system. 3.b Cadets' ownership of the honor system with little intervention from the Academy Administration sometimes results to legal problems. 3.c Influences from relatives of the cadets who have little knowledge of the honor code might interfere in cadets reporting honor violations. 3.d The negative perception of cadets' capability to administer the honor system can be addressed by proper indoctrination. 3.e Other agencies in the government can help train the cadets in investigating and adjudicating honor cases. 4. Action Plan to Improve the Honor System. The following were the major findings to improve the Honor System: 4.a The sanction of dismissal for all honor violators needs to be examined. A remediation program should be allowed on a case-to-case basis. 4.b The unanimous vote tends to weaken the honor system because of new practices of some cadets. It should be changed to 2/3" vote. 4.c For the cadets to feel true ownership of the honor system, the physical presence of a JAG officer is not necessary during honor deliberations. 4.d The final sanction should rest with the Superintendent. The following are the conclusions of this study: 1. The Honor System is still relevant to the development of character of the cadets in the different Academies. 2. The inadequate indoctrination of the PMA honor system is the number one problem facing it. 3. The administration of the adjudication stage of the honor system is the number one problem facing it. 4. The Action Plan will help improve the administration of the Honor System. Based on the findings and conclusions, the following are the recommendations of this study: 1. An immediate implementation of the Action Plan to improve the Honor System be made. 2. The "pulse" of the Cadet Corps with regard to the Honor System should be continuously monitored and evaluated so that appropriate changes can be made to make it more effective and relevant to the development of character of the cadets.
An evaluation on the exercise of political rights among electorate in Balaoan, La Union
(1999-05) Casiano, Marife Mendoza
The citizens become power holders through the exercise Of their political rights such as right of suffrage in terms of election and initiative, right to form and join associations and right to information on matters of public concern. Through these, they are able to hold government officials accountable and they are able to express their needs and sentiments to the government. The citizens’ exercise of these rights, however, may vary depending on their socio-economic status and religious affiliation. They may also be prevented by some causes thereby hindering them from effectively exercising their rights. The study presented a description, comparison, analysis and evaluation on the exercise of political rights among electorate in Balaoan, La Union. It answered the following specific problems: 1. To what extent do the electorate exercise their political rights along the following dimensions: a. Right of suffrage in terms of election, b. Right of suffrage in terms of initiative, c. Right to form and join associations, d. Right to information on matters of public concern? 2. How do the exercises of political rights compare when the respondents are grouped according to: a. Socio-economic status, a.1) Income a.2) Educational attainment a.3) Occupation b. Religious affiliation? 3. To what extent do specified causes prevent the exercise of political rights? To answer the problems, the study used descriptive .method particularly descriptive-evaluative design. It utilized 390 sample population from among the electorate in Balaoan, La Union. This was determined through random sampling specifically lottery sampling technique without replacement method. Data were obtained mainly through the questionnaire. The data obtained were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted with statistical tools such as weighted means, t-test, F-test/ One-Way Analysis of Variance and Scheffe method. The findings of the study were the following. 1. The right of suffrage in terms of election is sometimes exercised by the electorate. Voting an educationally qualified candidate is exercised the most while conducting election boycott is the least exercised activity. The right of suffrage in terms of initiative is sometimes exercised by the electorate. The most exercised activity is identifying locally felt needs and problems while proposing amendments to the Constitution is the least exercised. The right to form and join associations is sometimes exercised by the electorate. Joining public organizations is exercised the most while organizing associations is the least exercised activity. The right to information on matters of public concern is sometimes exercised by the electorate. The most exercised activity is questioning rationale of government projects while securing document of any kind from government employees is the least exercised. 2. Income groups do not differ significantly in the exercise of political rights. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference among the respondents grouped according to educational attainment in the exercise of political rights. There is no significant difference in the exercise of political rights among electorate grouped according to occupation. The respondents grouped according to religious affiliation differed significantly in the exercise of right to form and join associations. The Mormon group differed significantly from the other religious groups. However, the statistical analysis showed no significant difference among the respondents in the exercise of the other political rights. 3. The exercise of right of suffrage in terms of election is moderately prevented by the specified causes. The non-significance of election ranked number 1 and the people's lack of interest ranked number 10. The exercise of right of suffrage in terms of initiative is moderately prevented by the specified causes. Ideas are not given importance ranked number 1 while fear of incurring enemies ranked number 10. The specified causes moderately prevent the exercise of right to form and join associations. High fees are collected and members are not encouraged to participate in government activities ranked number 10. The specified causes moderately prevent the exercise of right to information on matters of public concern. Belief that no justice is served on irregularities ranked number 1 while lack of time ranked number 10. Based on the major findings, the study arrived at the following conclusions: A. The electorate in Balaoan, La Union less effectively exercise their political rights. They have the tendency to exhibit subject political culture. B. There is no power struggle between the haves and have nots. They do not consider money as a potential source of power that could enhance the exercise of their rights. Education does not play a big role in elevating the people's level of awareness of their rights. However, the electors, regardless of educational attainment, are still inclined to exercise their rights if their welfare is at stake. The electorate, regardless of occupation, exercise their rights if it is cost- effective. They act positively if the perceived benefits outweigh the perceived costs. Minority religious groups that are managed by non-Filipinos tend to be more politically active in order to compensate for their status. C. The people exhibit a moderate sense of political efficacy. They are not fully confident of their ability to significantly influence government affairs. The recommendations of the study include the following: 1. The government must initiate a program on political socialization in order to create and promote desirable values and attitudes conducive to participatory democracy particularly in the exercise of political rights. It must initiate campaign to educate the people about their rights and stir them top political activism. 2. A municipal library may also be maintained where important information regarding the activities of the municipality may be showcased so that the people will he encouraged to support the endeavors of the municipality. 3. The local government may also conduct an intensive information campaign regarding the activities of the municipality for the people to support the local government. 4. The organization of the Barangay Development Council as provided in RA 7160 must he strengthened and made visible in order to organize task forces to promote citizen participation in local governance. 5. Researchers may conduct studies on the exercise of political rights among indigenous people to know whether constitutional mandates can effectively co-exist with traditional institutions.
Anti-drug campaign in the city of Candon
(2019-01) Abella, Joey I.
This study entitled “Anti-Drug Campaign in the City of Candon’ was conducted in the calendar year 2017-2018. this research was conducted in order to explore the state of the intervention programs of the locale and the partnership between the city government of Candon and the different private organizations in the implementation of the anti-drug campaign program of the national government. Three barangay of the city of Candon were chosen with the greatest number of process of persons of interest who were arrested in the government. And with the aim of strengthening the partnership of the public and private sector in advancing the objectives of the anti-drug campaign, this study aimed at understanding the weaknesses of anti-drug campaign program in the locale and recommentding a re-orientation of the effective anti-drug campaign in the locale. This study aimed to examine the anti-drug intervention programs of the city government of Candon City particularly in the three barangay namely: San Isidro, San Jose and San Nicolas. Specifically, it sought answer to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the “persons of interest” in Candon City? 2. How does the public sector of Candon implement the anti-drug campaign program? 3. In what way does the anti-drug campaign force the partnership between the public and private sector? Interview with the willing persons of interest, representative of the barangay officials of San Isidro PNP of Candon City, representative of faith-based groups, a representative of the Sanggunian Panlungsod (SP), and a representative of the City Health Office (CHO) was the primary means of gathering data to answer the research problems. Documentary analysis and ocular inspection of the three barangay were used to validate the interview data. Based on the research problems, the following are the findings: 1. The three barangay are located within the poblacion area. There are some remote areas, warehouses, and unfamiliar persons in the community who encourage the use, sale and proliferation of drugs in the area. Most of the persons of interests are married, male, and in their 20s, 30s, and 40s. They are mostly drivers, skilled workers, and butchers. They are engaged in physically demanding manual jobs that have to be completed in long hours. And t keep them awake and energetic, they resort to using shabu and marijuana. 2. The BADAC of barangay San Isidro, San Jose and San Nicolas are organized but not all barangay officials were familiar of the BADAC’s functions and accomplishments relevent to the anti-drug campaign. The city governments of Candon City delegated the anti-drug campaign program to the PNP, BADAC, CHO and Faith-Based Organizations. The PNP, BADAC, Faith-Based Organizations and CHO have difficulty in the implementation of the programs and encountered these problems; there is no cooperation of the persons of interest; lack of resources in the implementation of the programs; and, difficulty in arresting the persons of interest. The SP members have a limited participation in the war on drugs. This is through the enactment of ordinance or resolutions when needed in the implementation of the anti-drug campaign program. 3. The public sector (city government of Candon City through the city the PNP, BADAC, CHO and barangay officials) complied with the mandate of the law by acknowledging the inclusion of representatives of the NGO and Faith-Based Organizations had been tapped in the implementation of the community Based Rehabilitation Program (CBRP), there appears to be efforts in the complying with spirit of the said law. The city government and faith-based organizations simply conduct and initiate counselling, lectures and seminar. In the light of the findings of the study, the following conclusions have been drawn. 1. Most of the persons of interests are: married; male; in their 20s, 30s, and 40s; and, mostly drivers skilled workers, and butchers who are engaged in physically demanding manual jobs that have to be completed in long hours tempting them to use shabu or marijuana to keep them awake and energetic. 2. The public sector of Candon City implements the anti-drug campaign program by observing the provisions of the spelled out the composition. Powers and functions of the BADEAC, and the Command Circular No. 2015-16, PNP Anti-Illegal Campaign Plan which spelled out the procedure to be observed in the anti-drug campaign. 3. The inclusion of the representatives of the private sector (NGOs and faith-based organization) in the BADAC and the priority given to the spiritual enhancement of the drug surrenders as a basic component of their (drug surrenders) rehabilitation is what forges the partnership between the public and private sectors in the anti-drug campaign. Based from the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are proposed: 1. The public sector of Candon City must strengthen the intelligence network, police and BADAC visibility in the drug prone areas, and clean drive programs in the remote places of the barangay to minimize the illicit drug trade and use in the barangay. The persons of interest should stay away from using drugs. There is an alternative way to enhance and energized the body by proper exercise, healthy diet, clean living and strong faith in God to be taken care of by the CHO and faith-based groups. 2. The public should be vigilant enough to report the cases of drugs in their area. The BADACs of the locale and the Candon City PNP should step up their anti-drug education campaign in order to secure the cooperation of the public. Also, the city government and especially during the night and conduct cleaning operations in the remote or peripheral areas in the community to lessen or not to attract the entry of drugs in their barangay. 3. The public sector of BADAC must conduct a re-orientation seminar/training to the BADAC members, barangay officials, barangay tanods and residents so that they would be familiar with the functions, duties, responsibilities and procedures as implementers of the anti-drug campaign programs of the government. And the ties with faith-based organizations shall be strengthened as these faith-based organizations are committed in doing their share in rehabilitating the drug surrenders through spiritual enhancement.
Attitude and academic achievement in Biology of PMA class 2014
(2011-10) Almoite, Anaclito Gohangna Jr.
This study investigated the relationship of attitude and academic achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014. First, this study assessed the attitude of cadets in Biology in the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimension. Second, this study identified the level academic achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014. Finally, this study correlated attitude and academic achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between attitude and academic achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014. Specifically this study aimed to answer the following questions:1. What is the cadets' attitude towards biology in the following dimensions: a. cognitive b. affective c. behavioral Hypothesis: The cadets' attitude towards biology in three dimensions is positive. What is the level of achievement in Biology of the PMA class 2014? Hypothesis: The level of academic achievement in Biology of Class 2014 is satisfactory. 3.What is the relationship between the attitude towards Biology and academic achievement in Biology of the cadets? Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between attitude towards Biology and academic achievement in Biology of the cadets. 4.What program may be developed to improve the attitude of cadets towards Biology? The descriptive-correlational method and document analysis were used in this study because it described the attitude of the cadets towards Biology in three dimensions and the level of academic achievement in Biology of PMA class 2014, and the relationship of attitude and academic achievement in Biology. The sample from which data in this research was drawn consisted of one hundred seventy five (175) out of the total population of three hundred ten (310) cadets. To determine the cadet's attitude towards Biology, frequency and weighted mean were used. The mean of every item and the factor mean in the 30- item Biology Attitude were obtained after which, every item was interpreted based on the four-point Likert scale. The frequency of every item was also obtained in the three dimensions, namely cognitive, affective, and behavioral. Frequency, Percentage, Mean, and Standard Deviation were used to identify the level of academic achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014. Pearson's r was used to determine the relationship between attitude towards Biology and academic achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014. The correlation coefficient of each dimension (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) was also obtained. This is to identify the degree of relationship of attitude and academic achievement in the three dimensions. The following are the major findings of the study: 1.The cadets' attitude towards Biology is positive in cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimension. 2.The level of achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014 is very satisfactory. 3.There is a significant relationship between cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitude and academic achievement in Biology of PMA Class 2014. In light of the findings of the study, the following are the conclusions: 1.The PMA cadets like Biology. 2.The cadets are successful in passing their Biology course in the academy. 3. Attitude is a predictor of academic achievement in Biology. In relation with the findings and conclusions of this research, the following are recommended: 1.Biology has to be taught using more innovative strategies and technologies to sustain the interest of cadets in the course. 2. Faculty Development Programs and /or teacher trainings have to be considered stressing upon supervised and independent study as essential methods of teaching to promote good attitude towards Biology.3.Positive attitude formation has to be made an important objective of education. For this purpose, a democratic atmosphere might be created in the classroom by using diverse methods of grouping students, teaching, and evaluating them. 4.Other Recommendations: a. Similar studies may be carried out in other courses to generalize result of the present study with other subjects. b. A follow up study be done to include other factors such as gender, IQ, educational background, age, socio-economic status, and others that may affect the attitude of cadets towards other courses in the academy. c. Findings of this study should be considered in curriculum design, training of teachers and policy matters regarding curriculum development.
Attitude towards conflict and performance in values education among high school students
(2014-03) Cayat, Aubrill Faye M.
Conflict is a natural occurrence and an inevitable part of life but then how students handle it makes all the difference. Learning to deal with conflict constructively is a life-skill essential to students. Managing conflict situations do not come naturally therefore initiating a conflict resolution through peer mediation program can be a proactive way to help students handle conflict situations constructively. When students learn to resolve their own conflicts responsibly, the atmosphere at school is more pleasant for everyone. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between attitude towards conflict and performance in Values Education among Peer Mediators. Specifically, the study addressed the following questions: 1. What is the attitude towards conflict among Peer Mediators and non-Peer Mediators along the following modes: a. Competing; b. Collaborating; c. Compromising; d. Avoiding; and e. Accommodating? 2. What is the difference on the attitude towards conflict among Peer Mediators and non-Peer Mediators along the identified modes? Hypothesis: There is a significant difference on the attitude towards conflict among Peer Mediators along the identified modes when compared to non-Peer Mediators. 3. What is the performance among Peer Mediators and non-Peer Mediators in the subject, Values Education? Hypothesis: The performance of Peer Mediators in Values Education is Very Satisfactory. 4. What is the correlation between the attitude towards conflict and performance in the subject, Values Education among Peer Mediators and non-Peer Mediators? Hypothesis: There is a significant correlation between the attitude towards conflict and performance in Values Education among Peer Mediators. 5. What enhancement program shall be proposed for full implementation of Peer Mediation? The researcher made use of descriptive research design specifically, descriptive-correlational research to objectively analyse the relationship that exist between the attitude towards conflict and performance in Values Education among peer Mediators of University of Baguio High School. This study also utilized the descriptive-comparative research design to find out the difference on the attitude towards conflict among peer mediators and non-peer mediators. In treating the data, median and mean were used for descriptive problems. t-test for independent samples was used to compare the attitude towards conflict among peer mediators and non-peer mediators and Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson's r) was used to verify the degree of relationship that exist between the attitude towards conflict among peer mediators and their grades in Values Education. Computed values were tested against 0.05 level of significance. Based on the analysis of the data gathered, the following are the salient findings: 1. The attitude towards conflict among peer mediators and non-peer mediators vary along the five modes of conflict that were used in the study. Students trained in peer mediation primary utilized accommodating and compromising when faced with conflict situations while non-peer mediators generally preferred accommodating and competing. 2. There is a significant difference on the attitude towards conflict among peer mediators when compared to non-peer mediators along the five modes of conflict. t-test conducted on each mode revealed significant differences at 0.05 level between the groups along the identified modes. 3. The performance of peer mediators in Values Education is Very Satisfactory. 4. There is a moderate positive correlation between the attitude towards conflict and performance in Values Education among peer mediators. In the light of the findings of the study, the following are the conclusions: 1. Training of conflict resolution strategies through peer mediation have positive effects on the attitudes of peer mediators toward conflict as compared to their non-peer mediator counterparts who have inadequate knowledge on how to handle conflict situations constructively. 2. Training in peer mediation and the experiences of serving as peer mediators helped students acquire the skills of constructive conflict resolution as compared to their non-peer mediator counterparts. 3. Topics conducted during the peer mediation training complemented the lessons in the subject, Values Education. This suggests that the peer mediation training was beneficial for peer mediators to enhance their performance in the subject. 4. Peer mediators' conflict resolution skills lead to increased social and academic achievement. This further indicates that improved social skills and attitude towards conflict helped students achieve academic success. Based on the findings and conclusions, the following are recommended: 1. Peer mediation is a developing program in University of Baguio High School. To further discover the influence of peer mediation on the attitude a student has towards conflict, similar studies should be conducted in a variety of settings, urban and rural, with varied populations in the basic education level to verify and extend the findings of this study. 2. It is essential to conduct follow-up, testing and interview sessions with students who participated in the program. This is to validate if the students who were trained as peer mediators retained the knowledge and skills needed to resolve conflict over time. 3. Integration of related lessons in the subject, Values Education, in the succeeding peer mediation and supplementary training sessions. Further, the effects of instruction in conflict resolution skills on student's behavior and on teacher's perception of student behavior need to be examined. 4. Integration of conflict resolution skills into the curriculum to have a better impact on the students' academic performance. Systematic and cumulative practices of resolving conflicts have to take place not only in peer mediation program but in all subject areas. 5. Peer mediation enhancement program has to be evaluated further before it will be presented to the principal and faculty members of UBHS.
Benefits and implications to psychological well-being
(2012-03) Tuazon, Christine R.
The present study aims to find out the beneficial effects of leisure interest to well-being. Specifically it seeks answers to the following questions: 1. What is the most common leisure interest among: a. College Students b.1. Early working age adults b.2. Middle working age adults Hypothesis: a. College students prefer solitary activities. b.1. Early working age adults prefer solitary activity. b.2. Middle working age adults prefer solitary activity. 2. What are the benefits of leisure among: a. College Students b.1. Early working age adults b.2. Middle working age adults Hypothesis: College students engage into leisure because of the social and cultural benefits. b. 1 . Early working age adults engage in leisure activities because of the social, cultural, and economic benefits. b.2. Middle working age adults engage in leisure because of the social and cultural benefits. 3. Is there a significant difference in the leisure interest in terms of gender of: a. College Students b.1. Early working age adults b.2. Middle working age adults Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in the leisure interest of the following: a. College Students College male students prefer social activities and solitary activities. On the other hand, female college students have a preference for physical activities and solitary activities. b.1. Early working age adults Early working age male adults prefer physical activities while early working age female adults favor solitary activity. b.2. Middle working age adults Middle working age male adults have a preference for solitary activities while middle working age female adults prefer solitary activities and physical activities. 4. Is there a significant difference in the psychological well-being of people according to the time spent for leisure? Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in the psychological well-being of individuals who have more time for leisure and those who have less time for leisure. Individuals who spend three to five times a week for leisure have a better psychological well-being compared to those who spend once a month or less for leisure. 5. Is there a relationship between the benefits of leisure and psychological well-being? Hypothesis: There is a high positive correlation between the benefits of leisure and psychological well-being.
Binary oppositions in Alice Walker's the color purple
(2013-07) Felarca, Glorien Mae L.
Throughout history, women's voices have been forcibly silenced and have been minimized by the dominant voice of society. As a result, female writers began to create voices for other women by identifying with each other through literature, in this instance, novels. Alice Walker created The Color Purple to expose the suffering that women experienced from both colored and non-colored. Criticisms stormed her novel for exaggerating the complex condition of women in the hands of men. This study was therefore undertaken to recognize and value the other meanings and interpretations that The Color Purple can offer. For this reason, deconstruction and binary opposition introduced by Jacques Derrida, as supported by other approaches, were deemed to be the suitable tools for analysis. This thesis entitled, "Binary oppositions in Alice Walker's The Color Purple" sought to analyze the novel through deconstruction. While deconstruction and binary oppositions were primarily used, feminism, formalism, and archetypal approaches were likewise employed in the analysis of the text. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions; 1. What are the traditional thematic designs depicted in the novel through a. Characterization, b. Imagery c. Literary Devices? 2. What are the binary oppositions existing in the novel as highlighted by the characters and how are the binary oppositions reversed in the novel? 3. How are the binary oppositions used to reveal the deconstructed themes in the novel? 1. The traditional thematic designs revealed through characterization, imagery, symbolism and literary devices are oppression in terms of sex, oppression in terms race, power of strong female relationships, faith in God and the presence of hope despite harsh circumstances. 2. The binary oppositions depicted by the characters in the novel are: a. Albert as a dominating antagonist/ Celie as oppressed and controlled protagonist b. Celie with conventional faith / Shug with hybrid faith c. Sofia's resistance / Celie's submissiveness d. Albert as a powerful patriarch / Harpo as a weak patriarch e. Anger / Forgiveness 3. The deconstructed themes identified through the binary oppositions are: a. The valor of a woman changes a man. b. Shug's hybrid faith is more genuine than Celie's conventional faith. c. Masculinity marks the courage to choose family over power. d. The prevalence of forgiveness emancipates both the oppressor and the oppressed. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were made: 1. The novel The Color Purple reveals the significant human experience that transcends culture and time. 2. The reversed binary oppositions show the valor of women and the redemption of men in the novel. 3. Using binary oppositions and deconstruction in Alice Walker's The Color Purple, new themes were revealed that gave new interpretations of the novel. Based on the findings the following are recommended: 1. Further analyses of the novel can be done using other post modern theories like Marxism to emphasize the ideological content of the novel. 2. Other works of Alice Walker could be studied using binary oppositions as springboard for discussion. 3. The analyses of other literary titles using the theories of deconstruction and feminism are highly encouraged to achieve new interpretations and meanings.
Broken man as mirrored in the Little Prince and Hope for the Flowers
(2009-10) Lee, Sin Goo
Literature has been one of the ways in which man tries to deliver thoughts and ideas about man’s situation and man’s dilemma. It is a vehicle where man can express his feelings, experience, emotions, and thoughts in life. Stories aim to deliver the meaning by finding the significant connection to a situation. Almost all people regardless of age are fond of listening to and reading stories. Stories can serve as a powerful device to deliver thoughts. People are moved by stories; the mystery beyond the meaning of the story is the possibility of change. Even one story can have the effect of changing a person's life. These thoughts embedded in stories are weaved to form a philosophy which is fundamental in man's quest for meaning. In this study, the researcher employed the philosophy of Existentialism. This philosophical thought, which emerged in the twentieth century, recognizes the importance of feelings and emotion in the individual. It is considered as a reaction against traditional philosophies, such as-rationalism and empiricism, which seek to discover an ultimate order in the structure of the observed world, and thereby discover ultimate meaning. This study is based on two children's book namely, "The - Little Prince" and "Hope for the flowers." The book "The Little Prince" presents a child's view of the world, of the purpose of human life and of relations between people, while "Hope for the Flowers" is about the struggle of two caterpillars in becoming a butterfly. To find the meaning of life is to shape one's life. It will give a person a sense of fulfillment and direction as an individual person, as a man. As the German philosopher Nietzsche (1966) stated "he who has a Why.to live for can bear with almost any How." This study does not show that human existence as such is meaningful. Instead, it aims to show that human quest should be towards finding and realizing the meaning of human existence This thesis entitled Broken Man as Mirrored in the Little Prince and Hope for the Flowers sought to analyze the aforementioned books in the context of existentialism. This thesis rests on the assumption that modern man is broken or fragmented-not just in the physical but also in the emotional, spiritual, and symbolic level. Using the two books "The Little Prince" and "Hope for the Flowers", the study aimed to mirror human dilemma and show how modern man became fragmented. This study of the books by Antoine De Saint-Exupery and Trina Paulus, made use of the formalistic approach. Applying the existentialist point of view, the researcher presented the similarities between the characters and situations from the two books to present day attitudes and situations. The researcher used passages, characters and situations from the book to support the main ideas and views. Using Gabriel Marcell's "Primary and Secondary Reflection," the researcher made use of philosophical and psychological theories from different philosophers to address the existential themes from the two books. Martin Buber's "I-Thou" was used as a foundation for the discussion of "Relations." The Psychological-Existential theories of Erich Fromm, Viktor Frankl, and Rollo May were used to support the view of brokenness and fragmentation of modern man. This thesis specifically discussed the existentialist motifs portrayed in the two books, "The Little Prince" and "Hope for the Flowers." It also analyzed the worldviews held by selected characters from the two books. Presented below is a recapitulation of the main points that were analyzed and discussed in the study. 1. The following are the World Views found in Hope for the Flowers and The Little Prince as represented by the different characters: a. Children's Worldview- The Little Prince, the Pilot, and the Fox. b. Grown-Up's Worldview- Grown-ups, the King, the vain man, the Businessman, the Geographer, and the Pilot. c. Childish Worldview- The Rose, The Little Prince, and the King. d. Duty-Bound Worldview- The Lamplighter e. Existentialist Worldview- Stripe, Yellow, the Grey haired caterpillar, the Little Prince, the Pilot, and the Fox. f. Conformist Worldview- Stripe, Yellow, and the Crowd of caterpillars. g. Pessimistic Worldview- the Boababs, and the Tippler. 2. The existentialist motifs that portray the brokenness of man in the Little Prince and Hope for the Flowers were the following: a. Alienation-described as estrangement, mental or emotional detachment, the state of not being involved. This was evident in the character of the Pilot in the Little Prince and the character of Stripe in Hope for the Flowers. Alienation as embodied in the "I-It" relationship coined by Martin Buber was seen in the attitudes of the King and the Businessman in the Little Prince. b. Boredom-a reactive state of emotion that I interprets the condition of one's environment as wearingly dull due to repetitive, non-existent, or tedious stimuli. This motif was evident in the initial mindset and behavior of Stripe, one of the protagonists in Hope for the Flowers. In the Little Prince, it is the character named Tippler who has lost his sense of meaning and instead of doing something productive with his life, he drinks away his time rendering him captive to boredom and its vicious cycle. c. Anxiety-being afraid when there is nothing to fear. Anxiety was seen in the character of Yellow in Hope for the Flowers as she becomes torn between her old life as a caterpillar and her desire to become a butterfly. She however conquered her anxiety and was able to eventually metamorphose into a butterfly. Tippler, a character from the Little Prince on the other hand, was not able to face his anxiety constructively and wasted his time by constantly worrying and getting drunk. d. Freedom and Choice- Existentialists believe that it is when one starts to choose freely for one's self can one's life become meaningful. This motif was predominantly seen in the character of Yellow and Stripe in 'Hope For the Flowers' and the Little Prince in the 'The Little Prince'. They became authentic individuals because they lived according to their own free choices and not merely according to what a majority of individuals are doing or dictating. Based on the findings, the following conclusions are 1. Man's life is dependent on the worldview he espouses. 2. Man is broken because of his alienation, boredom, anxiety, freedom, and choice. 3. Man is solely responsible for finding meaning in his own life. Based on the findings, the following are recommended: 1. Further analysis of The Little Prince and Hope for the Flowers utilizing other existentialist motifs could be undertaken to determine the other existentialist thoughts that might still be embedded in the two works. 2. An analysis of other works of literature with the existentialist thought as springboard for literary discourse. 3. A comparative literary analysis could also be undertaken using the existentialist perspective or other philosophical perspectives as approaches. 4. Results of this study may be incorporated in classroom and other literature discussions involving the specific books herein studied.
Burnout experiences among school counselors in Baguio City
(2014) Uy, Luzviminda L.
This is a narrative study on the concept and process of burnout as experienced by school counselors in Baguio City. Respondents were twelve counselors who admitted that they have experienced burnout. The descriptive phase of the study summarized the narrative of each respondent and arranged the narratives by identifying three key features: the Beginning, the Middle and the End. The interpretative phase of the study analyzed the narratives as a whole and classified these narratives into three categories: Progressive, stable and regressive narratives. Progressive narrative is a narrative structure, which shows that the counselor's experience of burnout provided them new opportunities for personal and professional development. Stable narrative shows that the counselor's experience of burnout is still on going and the counselor is continually learning how to deal with burnout more effectively. Regressive narrative is a narrative structure that refers to those counselors whose lives have not changed or negatively changed after they experience burnout. The results of the study showed that burnout develops as job satisfaction decreases. Burnout does not develop immediately but is experienced at different degrees through a period of time. Alongside the experience of burnout is the experience of coping. Coping is concurrently experience with burnout in a variety of ways and at different levels of magnitude. Initially the three narrative categories were used to classify the kinds of narratives presented but the researcher found out that the concurrent coping response to burnout of each counselor was also a determinant of the kind of narrative presented. Progressive coping response was an attempt to deal with the burnout as soon it started and was already strong from the start. Counselors who told the progressive narratives used more of the problem focused response, and dealt with burnout responsibly. Counselors who told stable narratives used more of the emotional focused coping response, they adopted temporary coping styles, and thus burnout was still on going as of the time of the interview. Finally, counselors who told regressive narratives used coping response, which were weak from the start of the burnout, thus burnout ruled over them, leaving them negatively affected and dissatisfied with their jobs.
Candon city constituents' understanding and acceptability of federalism in the Philippines
(2019-05) Gacusana, David M.
The form of government in the Philippines is unitary and presidential system. This has been the kind of government in the country since the time when the Spaniards colonized Philippines up to the present. However, one of the major political agenda of President Rodrigo R. Duterte when he ran for president in 2016 is to federalized the country. President Rodrigo Duterte has been pushing for a constitutional change that would allow for a shift to a federal form of government, saying this would lead to a more equitable distribution of wealth and political power throughout the regions and bring lasting peace in Mindanao. This study is undertaken to find out whether or not federalism as pushed by the national government is acceptable to the elected officials of Candon city, Ilocos Sur. The findings of this study may be used by the government as data during their consultations with their constituents. This study determined the level of acceptability of the proposed federalism in the Philippines as perceived by the constituents of Candon City, Ilocos Sur. It answered specifically the following questions: 1. what is the level of understanding of the constituents in Candon City, Ilocos Sur regarding federalism along: a. political; b. economic; c. socio-cultural; and d. peace and security? 2. what is the level of acceptability of the proposed federalism in the Philippines as perceived by the constituents of Candon City, Ilocos Sur along: a. political; b. economic; c. socio-cultural; and d. peace and security? 3. how do the local situations along the following areas relate to the acceptability of the proposed federalism in the Philippines along: a. political; b. economic; c. socio-cultural; and d. peace and security? In this study, the researcher used the descriptive method of research wherein the questionnaire was the main tool in gathering data. The respondents of this study are the constituents in the coastal, tribal and urban barangays of Candon City, Ilocos Sur. The following are the major findings of the study: 1. the level of understanding of the constituents of Candon City, Ilocos Sur on the proposed Federalism in the Philippines is revealed as “ moderately understood” with an over-all mean 3.15 along the political aspect, the mean is 3.09; closely by a mean of 3.08 for both the economic and socio-cultural aspects; and finally a mean of 2.94 on peace and order aspect. 2. The level of acceptability of elected officials and their constituents on the proposed federalism is moderately acceptable garnering an over-all mean of 3.17 along the political aspect a mean of 3.12; 3.11 along the economic aspect, a slightly higher mean of 3.27 on the socio-cultural aspect; and for the peace and security component mean of 3.17. 3. Most of the respondents favor the adoption of federal form of government as the political system in the Philippines. They said that federalism will result into more favorable political stability, economic prosperity and socio-cultural aspects in the country. It will also provide an avenue to improve the peace and order situation of the country. Though there few who are still adopt a skeptical attitude about the adoption of federalism in the Philippines. Based from the findings of the study, the following were concluded: 1. the constituents of the city of Candon, Ilocos Sur have moderate understanding of the proposed federalism in the Philippines along the political, economic, socio-cultural and peace and security aspects. 2. the constituents of the city of Candon, Ilocos Sur have moderate acceptability of the proposed federalism in the Philippines along the political, economic, socio-cultural and peace and order security aspects. 3. most of the respondents favor the adoption of federal form of government as the political system in the Philippines. They said that federalism will result into more favorable political stability, economic prosperity and socio-cultural aspects in the country. It will also provide an avenue to improve the peace and order situation of the country. The local political, economic, socio-cultural and peace and security situations in Candon City influence most of the respondents to favor the adoption of federal form of government in the Philippines. The researcher made the following recommendations based on the findings and conclusions of the study: 1. The proponents of federalism should be more aggressive in explaining well to their constituents the strengths or advantages as well as the weaknesses or disadvantages of federalism so that they will have a better idea about the proposed political system as an alternative to the present unitary form of government in the country. This may be done through a series of lecture-fora, symposia or town hall discussions to expound on the merits and demerits of federalism. These activities must be attended by all stakeholders in the community of Candon City, Ilocos Sur. 2. Since the level of acceptability of federalism is moderate among respondents in the three barangays, the strengthened in all barangays of Candon City, Ilocos Sur. Specifically, explanations and discussions must be strengthened on the socio-cultural aspects as a manner of cultural unification and integration. 3. Since majority of the interviewed respondents responded positively on the advantages of federalism to respond to local issues on political, economic, socio-cultural, and peace and security matters, series of campaigns promoting the advantages of federalism must be launched by the national and local officials who are proposing this. They can network with the educators and civil society and non-profit organizations to campaign fully for the adoption of federalism in the city. 4. Further studies should be conducted by other researchers using other sets
Career maturity and career decision making self-efficacy of senior high school learners
(2020-06) Velasco, May Angeline Laguting
Senior High School Learners are facing a challenge about career planning. This is because, they have to choose a career that suits them and design different ways on how to achieve their career plans. Their success in choosing the right career path depends on a certain level of career maturity and career decision making self-efficacy. It is claimed that senior high school should be ready to make a career decision according to their level of development. This assumption is based on the belief that a career mature person is more capable of making an appropriate and realistic career choice and decision. The main purpose of the study is to determine the level of career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy as well as the relationship between career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy of senior high school learners. Specifically, the aim is to answer the following research questions: 1. What is the level of career maturity of the senior high school learners along: a. concern; b. curiosity; c. self-confidence; and d. consultation. 2. What is the level of career decision making self-efficacy of the senior high school learners according along: a. self-appraisal; b. occupational information; c. goal selection; d. planning; and e. problem solving. 3. What is the relationship of career maturity and career decision making self-efficacy of the senior high school learners? Based on the analysis and interpretation of data, the following are the finding of the study. 1. The career maturity of the senior high school learner is high. Specifically, it is high in terms of concern, curiosity, self-confidence and consultation. 2. The career decision-making self-efficacy of the senior high school learners is high. Specifically, it is high in terms of self-appraisal, occupational information, goal selection, planning and problem solving. 3. There is no significant relationship between career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy Based on the findings, the following are the derived conclusions. 1. The senior high school learners are ready to make career decisions and are able to make realistic career goals. 2. The senior high school learners demonstrate sufficient confidence in career planning. 3. Career decision -making self-efficacy is not dependent on career maturity. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following are recommended: 1. There is a need to improve the delivery of the career planning program of guidance services. Guidance designates, teachers and career advisers are encouraged to devise an effective orientation program to enhance the career planning skills of the students. 2. Trainings on the career guidance skills should be provided to guidance designates, career advisers and teachers, as they are part of the guidance team. They should be update themselves on the different psychological tests used in career guidance as well as the demands of industries in the world of work. 3. At the start of the school year, the school or the guidance designate may send communication letters to the different agencies in the local government units , asking for information and programs that they can extend to the career planning program of the school. 4. The school should incorporate the career planning program in the homeroom period. The academic head can encourage the teachers to help in guiding their learners by enhancing career decision -making skills through researching guides on self-awareness, career maps and occupational information. 5. Schools are encouraged to maximize parent-teacher association (PTA) meetings by introducing the different phases of the career planning program of the school. This is to encourage their involvement in the career decision-making of their children. 6. Other researchers may conduct further studies on career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy such as relating career maturity to personality and career decision-making self-efficacy to academic achievement.
Career motivations of Bohemian millennials
(2015-04) Alawas, Aprille Dawang
Millennials are the next professionals to inherit the workplace. The millennial generation is a group of young people whose birth years range from 1980 to 2000 (Rainer and Rainer, 2011). There is a great distinction in the life developmental stages of millennials, compared to the generations before them. The distinction between the millennials and the older generations in regard to upbringing is due to the fact that millennials were raised during the rise of computers, economic crisis, and culture wars. Having an unconventional upbringing, the millennials are regarded with skepticism in areas that are dominated by the older generations who describe younger co-workers as naïve arrogant nonconformists for choosing not to follow the hierarchical traditions that exist in the work place. The main aim of this study was to determine the motives in the choice of career among bohemians in Baguio City. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following: what are the characteristic traits of the respondents? ; what motives influenced the career choice of the respondents?; what problems are encountered by the bohemians in the pursuit of their career? and; what conceptual model can be formulated to depict career motivation of the Bohemians? The approach used in this study was qualitative. The descriptive-survey method was used to identify the respondents' characteristics, motivations, and challenges or problems. Twelve respondents for the study were gathered from purposive sampling. Data were collected through interview and administration of the Rokeach Value Survey. Based on the gathered data, the following are the findings of the study. 1. The characteristic traits and values of bohemian millennials are ambitious, clean, intellectual, individualistic, optimistic, open-minded, and simple. 2. The motives that prominently influence the career decisions of the bohemian millennials are their interest, relationships, desire for self-fulfillment, work environment, and work ethic. 3. The challenges faced by bohemian millennials are financial instability, lack of creative freedom, peer pressure, too much exposure to social media, and pressure to conform on established work norms. Based on the findings of the study, the following are the conclusions: 1. There are characteristics and values of bohemians, that the millennial generation may adopt. 2. The motives that prominently influence the bohemian millennials are personal fulfillment, relationships with people, and work environment. 3. The challenges of bohemian millennials are concerned with finances, expression of creativity, peer pressure, influence of social media, and work standards. Based on the findings and the conclusions of this research, the following are recommended: 1. Millennials may adopt self-actualizing lifestyles like bohemianism to further develop as professionals and as individuals. 2. Applying experiential learning that satisfies existential thought in the workplace would keep millennials motivated in their careers. To enable this, the working environment can apply the following: a. be affiliated or create an organization that would enable employees to pursue interests other than their occupations such as an art community, a basketball team, or environmental group. b. managing of major projects individually, or as leaders of a team, to enable direct exposure on what is expected in the workplace. c. group dynamics exercises in order to encourage philosophical reflection and existential thought during staff retreats or on arranged meetings. d. volunteering occasions wherein employees would, volunteer for a cause such as feeding the homeless, joining medical missions, or planting trees at an environmental conservation area. 3. To help millennials with their career challenges, better communication and mentoring should be applied in the workplace. To enable this, the working environment should practice the following: a. apprenticeship or internship programs wherein new or younger employees will train under, or be in partnership, with senior employees. b. relationship-centered workshops or conferences in order to encourage communication with millennial employees and senior employees. c. executives or managers should schedule time wherein new or younger employees have the opportunity to voice out their concerns or ideas. 4. Future researchers, who would like to conduct further studies about bohemians, have to widen the scope and increase the population of the respondents. 5. The conceptual model on the career motivations of bohemian millennials has to be reviewed in order for millennials and incoming generations to understand and reflect on the concept of being bohemian bourgeois professionals.
Censorship and expurgation of the selected children's literature
(2016-08) Salvador, Roberto Barin
Criticisms and reviews challenge literature to its stand accordingly to what it desires to project. People thought that all literary works is a fine expression of values, innocence and a mirror on how the society formed; picture to stand out and unconsciously builds exaggeration and lacked of consideration. Children, as commonly the basic target audiences of every child literature are a body that need to be considered upon publishing a certain literary piece because of stages and the type of interpretation they may developed and embrace upon reading a certain issue on the extent of literary genres who happened to unconsciously published an issue of obscenity, violence, offenses in language, and profanity in the selected children’s literature. The hard core of this study is to project critical theories of today to assess and provide solutions for literary troubles. However, to further understand the concept of censorship and expurgation, the study will be using the formalistic approach, stylistic approach, sociological approach which drives by Social Interactionist Theory which accounts to examine the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition as he believed that community plays a central role in the process of making meaning. Psychoanalytic criticism as used pertains on how the language of literary pieces influenced the language development of young readers as perceived in the contact between young readers and the books as studied in the Theory of Imitation. The Speech Act Theory is an attempt of the study that examines the subfield of pragmatics concerned with the ways in which word can be used not only to present information but also to carry out actions and this could be assessed by the levels of actions at which utterances are said to perform. The significance of this study will be based on the issues of censorship and expurgation in the works of James Barrie, Brothers Grimm, and Rudyard Kipling and are stressed in following: Firstly, for the readers of literary pieces for this study will be contributing to the development of interests and influences, in reading and embracing literature, leading the readers to have profound interpretation. Secondly, for the teacher in which this study will be leading them to improve their knowledge and skills in teaching Literature with an intellectual approach, fullest passion and interest for the students to be influenced in embracing the concept of Literature and in helping the teachers to adapt new style of influences from literature. Lastly to raise literary sensitivity for the concern of identifying the kind of readers or audience may be encountering texts that are uncensored and unexpurgated. This is a thesis entitled “Censored and Expurgation of the Selected Children’s Literature”. The researchers problems are the following: what words in the selected children’s literature must be censored, and how are these works expurgated to maintain the texts’ authenticity in terms of forms, meaning and the universality and what instructional materials in the selected children’s literature can be design to meet the standard of censorship. This study utilized different theories and approaches of literary criticism, formalistic approach, stylistic approach, and sociological approach, Applying descriptive method with the used of content analysis as the approach. It is in this regard that the problem of the study will be answered in the following manner: Problem one, what words in the selected children’s literature must be will be answered through the literary criticisms and approaches. Problem two focuses on how are these works expurgated to maintain the texts’ authenticity in terms of form, meaning and universality. Problem three, what instructional material in the Selected Children’s Literature can be designed to meet the standard of censorship. The researcher will use synonyms and light language to make text authentic and readable to all kinds of readers. The following are the findings based on analysis of the selected children’s literature: 1. Censored words in the selected literature of James Barrie (Peter Pan), Brothers Grimm (Hansel and Gretel) and Rudyard Kipling (Jungle Book) and how are these expurgated to maintain the texts’ authenticity in terms of forms, meaning, and universality. a. Peter Pan . The texts that caused the theme to be censored are the following: (a) cockier boy which was used and exposed in the sexually explicit manner. (b) kiss which eroticized childhood and shows obscenity. (c) silly ass and fool developing a symbolic and thematic view of offenses and triggers up human emotion to the elocution of words against character. (d) gay appears ambiguous and somewhat causes external interpretation distorting the stand of its meaning. The used of (e) sharp-pointed materials and rebellious actions among characters marked a record of violence contrary to real purpose of a children literature. (f) pretending gives children false hope and assumptions which could affect their emotional level of acceptance or the so called trust. b. Hansel and Gretel. The expletive oaths the story used were (a) fool and stupid goose and (b) to real purpose of a children literature. (f) pretending gives children false hope and assumptions which could affect their emotional level of acceptance or the so called trust. b. Hansel and Gretel. The expletive oaths the story used were (a) fool and stupid goose and (b) you wicked children, are texts that gives an account to pinpoint someone’s personality and level of thoughts, labeling someone’s thinking low and lack of knowledge which appears so offensive on the utterance of words. Another censored part is the concept of intimacy which best regards as the act of erotizing childhood in the portrayal scene of (c) kiss unsuitable for young readers because of incest relationship that sends a message of breaking society morality. c. The Jungle Book. Core concepts in the representation of nature in the Mowgli stories are ‘hunting’ and ‘killing’. The identified parts of the story that need to be censored is the portrayal of (a) killing that promotes violence to community and in the issue of executing such violence in front of the children held tolerable. The word (b) fool that shows offense to someone’s point of view and thus records a not healthy criticism to our social practices when reflected to real setting. 2. The effects of the censored parts to the forms, meaning and universality of the text. a. Forms. Obscene words such as kissing and ordering babies in this book as the expected form and symbol of appreciation and friendship; killing and the use of sharp-pointed objects uttered affects of violence to community and in the violence issue of executing such violence in front of the children held tolerable. The word (b) fool that shows offence to someone’s point of view and thus records a not healthy criticism to our social practices when reflected to real setting. 2. The effects of the censored parts to the forms, meaning and universality of the text. a. Forms. Obscene words such as kissing and ordering babies in this book as the expected form is a form and symbol of appreciation and friendship; killing and the use of sharp-pointed objects uttered effects of violence, war and conflicts, the form of these things used is supposedly an application of defense and on how to ensure security. The utterance of the words silly and fool touches an effect of fouling utterances translating it to the language brutally frank making children question about disposition and self-worth. b. Meaning. These literature aims to give reader a moral lesson on valuing family, security and moralizing values treated by chances in the society challenged with the style on presenting the idea affecting the construction of words appear ambiguous. The gay and fool words identified may be interpreted as discriminatory and offensive in social setting. The meaning of kiss in an innocent state is just an intimacy of friendship and closeness. The use of weapon and the engagement of children to pointed and sharp objects appear to be violently symbolic and as contradicting to the theme and meaning projected in the literature. In the jungle book, influences must derive a meaning of valuing cultural practices, community relationship and ensuring security; the book has established meaning and symbols of animal cruelty, rivalry for the pursuance of strength and greatness to avenge from the others appears unlikely to the real meaning in the story. c. Universality. The Universality of the text is affected as it is treated as something that should be acceptable to readers and the study views it as something that should be exposed to children as the story created for the influence of Children Literature in shaping moral values. 3. Expurgation is maintaining the texts’ authenticity in terms of forms, meaning and universality. The text cockier boy in peter pan could be expurgated with words boastful boy or arrogant boy to whom it lessens the exposure of the text towards sexual loom. The term silly ass could be expurgation. The themes killing and shooting identified in the works of Barrie and Kipling has established violent actions to be eliminated by young audiences as it is portrayed in manner like conflicts resulting bloody exchanging strengths of violence, the author may expurgate the theme of encounter into magical way. In magical way, the use of sharp-pointed objects was no longer in use for the fight scenes in killing is on act of exchanging magical control. The term “kiss” in the relationship between “Peter Pan and Wendy” and “Hansel and Gretel” sets a theme of sensuality towards intimacy and is not suitable to be felt and interpreted by young audiences. This term could be expurgated with the term “embrace” or “shake hands” as the expression of strong attachment to someone to avoid ambiguity to the form, meaning and universality of the text. The last to be treated in expurgation is the involvement of the text gay children to point out an attitude or behavior in the Peter Pan story. The term gay could be expurgated in gender sensitized way making readers not discriminative and sexiest to something that’s cheerful, elegant and happy. 4. Instructional materials designed to meet the standard of censorship in the selected children’s literature. The use of books, journals, and electronic sources in forming this instructional material supplied the needed of elements to operate censorship and expurgation. The information of this instructional material was edited and compiled in audio video presentation (AVP) to make the idea of censorship and expurgation concrete and visionary to the eyes of audiences more concern for literary lecturers in interpreting words used in these selected children’s literature and in avoiding issues of ambiguity. This instructional material firstly defined Book Censorship and how does the words censored in the book being expurgated to maintain the authenticity of the text in terms of forms, meaning and universality. It also explains the definition and function Expurgation in the selected children’s literature. This instructional material classified into three reasons of expurgating texts whether it is sexually explicit, off-color words and violent word violent words that believe to influence readers’ especially young readers. In the light of the findings of the story, the following were the conclusions that the researcher had drawn: 1. The selected children’s literature written by James Barrie Peter Pan (1911), Brothers Grimm Hansel and Gretel (1812), and Rudyard Kipling The Jungle Book (1890) used words that by definition appears sexually explicit, violent, and offensive contradicting to children literary forms. The authors of these books gave different as to how expressions uttered by different characters as evidence in establishing a tone, diction, style and characterization in supporting the forms which shaped the selected children’s literature. 3. Issues can be drawn from the different themes utilized in these books which established different emotions and aggressions which lead to challenging scenes. In relation with the findings and conclusion of this paper, the following are recommended: 1. The authors of the selected children’s literature must also consider the act of developing empirical picture in the story where the language is observed and the motivation to consider the psychological impact of every in the development and acceptance in the reader to upholding acceptance to language and interpretation. To exaggerate things just to project a heavy state of emotions, the author must also identify the characterization, utterance of the language, words used, and theme to be censored and expurgated to preserve the authenticity of the text in terms of forms, meaning and universality. This will lessen exaggerations but helps upholding the real motivation of the story. 2. The censored parts must be expurgated to prevent ambiguous thinking and interpretations. This may help the readers further understand the real motivation of the literary pieces established. 3. The researcher recommends using an Audio Visual Presentation (AVP) in treating words in a light manner. This AVP contain words that is censored and expurgated. This is classified into two types of expurgation namely Word expurgation and Theme expurgation. This also focuses on the censored that need to be expurgated where sexually explicit words, off-color words, violent words and thematic projection that are obscene and violent are treated in a light and acceptable manner. The AVP as an instructional material gives reasons for censorship such as its general use, slang, vulgar and the treatment for expurgation uses euphemistic approach.
Christian truths as depicted in the Lord of the Rings
(2004-04) Samole, Blessing Castillo
This study discussed, analyzed, and interpreted the Christian Truths as depicted in the Lord of the Rings. It focused on the three books, The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The three books are: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. It answered the following problems: 1. What are the Christian truths depicted in The Lord of the Rings through the characters and setting? 2. How does J.R.R. Tolkien employ literary techniques to depict Christian truths? The research was scrutinized with the use of the following methods: the descriptive and qualitative method using the formalistic approach, the moral-philosophical approach, and the mythological-archetypal approach. Based on the critical analysis of the epic, answers to the questions posed by this study were reached. 1. The virtues of mercy, love, friendship, loyalty, courage, faith, hope, wisdom, freewill, and humility make up the Christian truths that underpin the literary epic. Through the use of these virtues, the following Christian Truths were depicted through the characters and setting: a. Mercy is above justice. b. Love is the greatest virtue. c. Friendship crosses all boundaries. d. Loyalty characterizes true friendship. e. Courage conquers all obstacles. f. Faith gives hope. g. Hope strengthens the spirit. h. Wisdom leads to just and right decisions. i. Freewill is inclined towards the good. j. Humility brings about abundant blessings. 2. The literary techniques of personification, allusion and symbols, used in the epic draws attention to the existence of truths that the author wants to convey and of good and evil. Through these techniques, the force of nature is showed and Biblical allusions showed the Christ-like characteristics of some of the characters and Biblical events it pertains to. The reader is also made aware of the truths and virtues. Based on the findings of the study, the following are the conclusions that the researcher has arrived on: The company of the Ring acted out on their best virtues which depicted the Christian truths as shown through the analysis of their characters and setting. The Company was able to exercise power over the virtues in that they did not go to the mean or the excess of the virtues. 2. The literary techniques employed by Tolkien showed the power of nature as being more superior than that of man. The literary techniques also showed the greatness of the characters because of their virtues which showed their strong characters. From the conclusions of this study, the following are recommended: 1. Other Christian elements should be studied in the book, aside from the Christian truths that have already been discussed here. 2. Further study should be done on the literary technique of language used by Tolkien in the epic, the new languages that he invented and the songs that are incorporated into the epic. 3. Studies should be done on universal symbols and archetypes found in the epic which do not depict Christian Truths. 4. Studies should also be done on the other Tolkien books such as The Hobbit and The Silmarillion.
Chunhyangjun and "Romeo and Juliet": A comparative study
(2010-03) Kim, Hyung Bae
Comparative literature is critical scholarship dealing with the literature of two or more different linguistic, cultural or national groups in order to understand as well as compare writings of different countries, language and cultures. This study was a descriptive and qualitative research using content analysis of Korean novel "ChunhyangJun" and English tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". The other approaches were mimetic approach, comparative approach, genre analysis, sociological approach, thematic approach, formalistic approach, gender-feminism approach and linguistic approach. This study explored the novel and the tragedy presenting women characters who are in love and how they are affected by love's pain. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: 1. How are the themes of love and pain depicted in the Korean novel ChunhyangJun and in the English tragedy and Juliet? In answer to problem 1, the authors depicted themes of love and pain using the women as central characters who experience the very powerful human emotion. They described these heroines undergoing young love, romantic/passionate love, innocent love and mature love. While the themes of love and pain were presented by the authors, their treatment differed. Both heroines were women in love, women suffering because of love, these women were affected by strict social class, parental authorities in different ways. 2. How are the themes of love and pain depicted through the following elements? a) Plot b) Character c) Symbols d) Language In answer to problem 2, the themes of love and pain were depicted through: a) The rough plot, the authors' use of series of incidents: meeting, separation, pain, reunion and external, internal conflict. b) In the depiction of characters, the authors used developing characters. In the beginning the heroines were not only young but beautiful, attractive, submissive who late, were transformed into strong- willed, mature women. c) Through symbols, the authors used the following: flower, prison, room and tomb. d) Finally, in language use, the authors portrayed the themes of love and pain through language use like representative verdictives, directives, commissives and expressives. These functions of language were also seen in the following: questioning, starting, warning, affirming, complaining, explaining and responding. The following conclusions were drawn based on the findings of the study: 1. Love and pain in the novel and tragedy were depicted differently. 2. Literary elements were strongly portrayed the universality of the theme "love". 3. Both pairs of lovers represent East and from West. The authors call attention to universality of love. To end up both, authors trade love as a very powerful human feeling experienced by lovers. In view of the findings seen in this study, the following recommendations were given: 1. Other themes can be explored using more materials from Eastern and Western literatures. The thematic explorations can include other genres. 2. Studies can be conducted using other literary elements like point of view, dramatic ironies and figurative language. 3. A comparative studies course can be offered in the masteral level to broaden the literary awareness and heighten students' appreciation of different views of people and authors. 4. A forum can be organized by school heads and counselors to be attended by both parents and their teen age children where there could be a wholistic presentation of the dimensions of love, sex, and marriage. 5. Humans could not live without love. In here, love identifies relations between opposite sex. Love is passion. Love is flame. It is a blazing fire. Love is the reaction burning in the human body. It is physical love. There is no greater pleasure among humans than sexual relationship. It is the highest delight and highest ecstasy.